Where each ingredient works.

NMN raises it². Left unchecked, CD38 (your body's natural NAD⁺ disposal enzyme) breaks it down as fast as you make it. Apigenin and luteolin block CD38⁴⁶: what you build you keep, and pterostilbene and ergothioneine spend it on cellular repair. Riboflavin turns the spent form back into NAD⁺ at Complex I⁶, and TMG supplies the methyl groups that clear the nicotinamide NMN leaves behind.

They run on the NAD⁺ that NMN supplies. Pterostilbene and cordycepin switch them on.

Pterostilbene and cordycepin activate it.

Creatine and NMN lean it toward building³⁷. Spermidine leans it toward recycling at night.

Sugar and MCT's ketones feed it. Riboflavin's FMN and FAD run Complex I and II⁶. Ubiquinol carries the electrons from one complex to the next; when ubiquinol runs short, electrons leak off as reactive oxygen instead of becoming ATP. Taurine helps assemble Complex I. PQQ works beside ubiquinol in the chain. Creatine holds a reserve of it³. Both cordyceps raise ATP output.

Creatine fills it, in muscle and in the brain³.

MCT becomes ketones⁴⁰ and raises the fat you burn⁶⁴.

NMN improves glucose uptake³⁷. Creatine lowers HbA1c³⁸. Cinnamon lowers fasting glucose³⁶. The sugar in the mug is the first fuel.

PQQ raises PGC-1α¹¹. NAD⁺ from NMN raises the number of mitochondria³¹. TMG, MCT's capric acid, rhodiola's salidroside, pterostilbene and cordycepin raise it too.

Reishi's triterpenes and cordycepin keep the balance.

Coffee and pterostilbene tag them each morning¹⁴. Spermidine digests them overnight¹³.

Spermidine raises it³².

Ergothioneine goes where the oxidation happens, inside the mitochondria. Ubiquinol lowers the reactive oxygen mitochondria leak⁴⁵. Taurine raises superoxide dismutase⁴⁹. Apigenin raises glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase⁶³. Reishi's triterpenes lower oxidised DNA⁵⁷. Luteolin and PQQ work at the membrane, riboflavin's FAD runs glutathione reductase.

Luteolin, reishi and both cordyceps turn it on.

Luteolin quiets microglia and steadies mast cells. Apigenin, reishi's triterpenes and cordycepin hold NF-κB down. Ergothioneine and spermidine stop leaking mitochondria from being read by the immune system as an infection⁴⁴.

Apigenin and luteolin reduce what they release.

Pterostilbene and NMN feed the repair enzymes their NAD⁺. Creatine³ and reishi⁵⁷ lower oxidised DNA. Ergothioneine stops the oxidation at its source.

TMG lowers homocysteine²³ and supplies the methyl groups that clear NMN's nicotinamide, luteolin and the coffee's polyphenols, and collagen's glycine. Creatine cuts the demand: making your own creatine is the body's largest use of methyl groups, and the creatine in the mug switches it off. Riboflavin runs the MTHFR step.

Erinacines A and C carry the order into the brain¹. Hericenones raise it from the astrocytes already there⁴². Ergothioneine and spermidine raise BDNF. Reishi's triterpenes raise NGF from astrocytes.

Lion's mane's erinacines send NGF to the acetylcholine neurons¹ and, with ergothioneine and luteolin, keep the dopamine neurons alive. Phosphatidylserine releases acetylcholine⁵⁵, and the acetyl half of it is made from sugar.

Coffee blocks adenosine, the signal that makes you sleepy, for the morning³⁰. L-theanine steadies glutamate and GABA²¹. Apigenin and taurine calm through GABA, and collagen's glycine is a calming transmitter in its own right. Rhodiola holds dopamine and serotonin up under stress⁵¹. Reishi calms: it strengthens GABA, holds histamine in the mast cells, and raises serotonin by way of the gut, which is how it eases anxiety and lifts mood⁵⁹. Spermidine adjusts the glutamate receptor.

TMG supplies the methyl groups that make melatonin and clear dopamine and noradrenaline once used. Vitamin B6 makes dopamine, serotonin and GABA, and riboflavin is what switches it on.

Phosphatidylserine brings the cortisol response back to normal under chronic stress⁵⁵. L-theanine²¹, rhodiola⁵¹ and reishi⁵⁹ ease the stress you feel.

PQQ raises blood flow to the brain¹¹. Luteolin raises brain oxygenation⁵². Creatine lets the brain do the same work on less oxygen⁴¹.

Reishi's β-glucan raises T-cell and natural-killer counts⁵⁶. Cordyceps sinensis raises natural-killer activity⁵⁴, cordycepin too⁶¹. Lion's mane's own β-glucans join them.

Acacia fibre feeds them. The mushrooms' β-glucans do the same.

Coffee is the morning signal. Spermidine's recycling runs overnight. The clock's sirtuins run on NAD⁺.

Pterostilbene lowers systolic blood pressure³⁵. TMG lowers homocysteine²³. Taurine raises exercise time and distance⁵⁰. Ubiquinol, PQQ and riboflavin work on the same markers.

Taurine holds the cell's pH steady under its own load and buffers calcium. Luteolin holds the mitochondrial membrane potential. Phosphatidylserine is the membrane itself.

Knee pain eases by week twelve⁵⁸.